Coastal areas have always played a vital role in the economic, social, and political development of most countries. They support a diverse and productive coastal ecosystem that provides valuable goods and services (Airoldi et al., 2005). In these areas, urbanization and other land-use activities are rapidly increasing. However, human activities represented by urban expansion, agricultural production, and industrial development have led to the deterioration of ecosystems in coastal areas (Zhai et al., 2019). Climate change and extreme weather events will also pose an increasing threat to coastal ecosystems. In the long run, the current model of economic development is not suitable for the future development of coastal cities, but it does not mean to stop the urbanization of coastal areas or their development activities.